History of Womens Basketball in America (1891-Present)

Womens basketball began the year after the game was invented. The history of womens basketball success is a long one: collegiate and professional teams, intercollegiate competitions (and their critics) as well as the sad history of many failed attempts at professional leagues; womens basketball at the Olympics. Its all here in this timeline. 1891 James Naismith invented basket ball [sic] at a Massachusetts YMCA school 1892 first womens basketball team organized by Senda Berenson at Smith College, adapting Naismiths rules to emphasize cooperation, with three zones and six players on each team 1893 first womens college basketball game played at Smith College; no men were admitted to the game (March 21)womens basketball began at Iowa State College, Carleton College, Mount Holyoke College, and Sophie Newcomb College (Tulane) in New Orleans; each year more schools added womens basketball to their sports offerings for girls 1894 Senda Berenson published an article on womens basketball and its benefits in the Physical Education journal 1895 Basketball was being played at many womens colleges, including Vassar College, Bryn Mawr College, and Wellesley College Baer published rules for womens Basquette 1896 Bloomers introduced as a playing costume at Sophie Newbomb College, New OrleansStanford and the University of California at Berkeley played the first womens intercollegiate game; Stanford won, 2-1, and men were excluded, with women guarding the windows and doors to exclude menfirst known womens basketball game between two high schools was played in the Chicago area, with Chicago Austin High School against Oak Park High School 1899 Conference of Physical Training established a committee to form uniform rules for womens basket ball [sic]Stanford banned womens basketball from intercollegiate competition, as did the University of California 1901 University of California at Berkeley was given an outdoor basketball court for women by philanthropist Phoebe HearstSpalding issued womens basketball rules, edited by Senda Berenson, establishing 3 zones with 5-10 players per team; some teams used mens rules, some used Baers rules, and some used Spaldings/Berensons rules 1904 A Native American team played womens basketball at the St. Louis Worlds Fair, as an exhibition 1908 AAU (Amateur Athletic Union) took the position that women or girls should not play basketball in public 1914 The American Olympic Committee declared its opposition to the participation of women in the Olympics competition 1920s industrial leagues -- teams sponsored by companies for their workers -- were established in many parts of the country 1921 Jeux Olympiques Fà ©minines held in Monaco, an all-womens sports competition for sports excluded from the Olympics; sports included basketball, track and field; Britains team won the basketball event 1922 Jeux Olympiques Fà ©minines held, an all-womens sports competition for sports excluded from the Olympics; sports included basketball, track and field 1923 Jeux Olympiques Fà ©minines held, an all-womens sports competition for sports excluded from the Olympics; sports included basketball, track and fieldWomens Division of the National Amateur Athletic Federation (WDNAAF) held its first conference; over the next few years, it will take on womens extramural basketball and other sports as too competitive, working to get high schools, industrial leagues, and even churches to ban tournaments 1924 Olympics included womens basketball -- as an exhibition eventInternational Womens Sports Federation founded, hosted a womens event paralleling the Olympics, including basketball 1926 AAU held the first national tournament for womens basketball, with six teams participating 1927 AAU National Womens Basketball Tournament canceled under pressure from the WDNAAF; Sunoco Oilers (Dallas) declared AAU national champions 1928 Olympics included womens basketball -- as an exhibition eventAAU National Womens Basketball Tournament canceled for the second year under pressure from the WDNAAF; Sunoco Oilers (Dallas) declared AAU national champions (again) 1929 AAU selected the first AAU All-America teamAAU re-started national championship tournament; Sunoco Oilers won, defeating the Golden Cyclones; a beauty contest was part of the event 1930 AAU national championship included 28 teams; Sunoco Oilers won, defeating the Golden Cyclones 1930s Isadore Channels (of the Chicago Romas team) and Ora Mae Washington (of the Philadelphia Tribunes) starred in two rival black womens basketball barnstorming teams; both women were also American Tennis Association title winnersWDNAAF continued to pressure states to ban womens basketball tournaments, with success in many states 1931 Golden Cyclones won AAU Championship, led by Babe Didrikson 1938 three zones reduced to two in womens competition 1940s during World War II, competition and recreation basketball was common; relocation centers for Japanese Americans, for instance, included regularly scheduled womens basketball games 1953 international competition in womens basketball was reorganized 1955 first Pan-American Games included womens basketball; USA won the gold medal 1969 Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (ICAW) held an invitational basketball tournament, the first national tournament not including AAU teams; West Chester State won the championshipwomens basketball was included in the Paralympics 1970 five player full court game adopted for womens basketball 1972 Title IX enacted, requiring federally-funded schools to fund womens sports equitably, including teams, scholarships, recruitment, and media coverageAssociation for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) held the first national intercollegiate championship in basketball; Immaculata defeated West ChesterAAU established national basketball tournaments for girls younger than college age 1973 college scholarships offered to female athletes for the first timeAmateur Basketball Association of the United States (ABAUSA) established, replacing AAU 1974 US Olympic Committee recognized the ABAUSABillie Jean King founded the Womens Sports Foundation, to promote sports and physical activity among girls 1976 womens basketball became an Olympic sport; the Soviet team won the gold, USA won the silver 1978 Wade Trophy established to honor a top collegiate player; first awarded to Carol BlazejowskiBill Byrne founded the 8-team Womens Basketball League (WBL) 1979 WBL expanded to 14 teams 1980 Ladies Professional Basketball Association founded with six teams; played for less than a month before failingfirst USA Basketball Female Athlete of the Year Award went to Carol BlazejowskiOlympics held but many nations boycotted, led by the USA 1981 WBL played its last seasonWomens Basketball Coaches Association (WBCA) beginsNCAA announced womens basketball tournaments; AIAW filed an antitrust suit in oppositionfinal AIAW tournament held; AIAW dropped the lawsuit against the NCAA and disbandedfirst NCAA womens basketball Final Four championship held 1984 Olympics womens basketball event won by USA team, with the USSR and some other nations boycottingWomens American Basketball Association (WABA) formed, with six teams; it was, like most of the womens professional basketball leagues, short-livedLynette Woodard  began playing with the Harlem Globetrotters, the first woman to play with that team 1985 Senda Berenson Abbott, L. Margaret Wade, and Bertha F. Teague were inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, the first women to be so honored 1986 National Womens Basketball Association (NWBA) founded; folded the same season 1987 Naismith Hall of Fame initiated Female High School Player of the Year award 1988 Olympics womens basketball event won by USA team 1990 Pat Summit was the first woman to be awarded the John Bunn Award by the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame 1991 WBL disbandedLiberty Basketball Association (LBA) founded, and lasted one game, broadcast on ESPN 1992 Howard University womens basketball coach became the first woman to win monetary damages under Title IX, for discriminationNera White, who played with the Nashville Business College team, and Lusia (Lucy) Harris (Harris-Stewart) were inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame 1993 Womens Basketball Association (WBA) foundedAnn Meyers and Ulyana Semjonova inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame 1994 Carol Blazejowski inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame 1995 Womens Basketball Association (WBA) failedAmerican Basketball League (ABL) founded with ten teamsplayers Anne Donovan and Cheryl Miller inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame 1996 NBA established the WNBA with eight teams; Sheryl Swoopes was the first player signed by the WNBANancy Lieberman inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame 1997 first WNBA game playedWNBA added two more teamsplayers Joan Crawford and Denise Curry inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame 1998 ABL failedWNBA expanded by two teams 1999 Womens Basketball Hall of Fame opened with 25 inducteesWNBA expanded by four teams for the 2000 season 2000 Olympics held in Sydney, Australia; USA team won gold medal; Teresa Edwards became the first basketball player to play on five consecutive Olympic teams and win five Olympic medalsNational Womens Basketball Professional League (NWBL) foundedPat Head Summitt (coach) inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame 2002 Sandra Kay Yow (coach) inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of FameAshley McElhiney became the first woman head coach for a mens professional basketball team (ABA, Nashville Rhythm); she resigned in 2005 with a 21-10 record 2004 Lynette Woodard  inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame 2005 Hortencia Marcari and Sue Gunter (LSU coach) inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame 2006 WNBA celebrated its 10th year by announcing an All-Decade Team, selected by fans, media, and current players and coaches. 2008 Cathy Rush inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of FameSigning a 7-day WNBA contract, Nancy Lieberman returned to play in a single game

A Reasoned Reconstruction Of The Past - 2140 Words

Often in the general public of readers and audiences, the terms history and memory coalesce and seem to easily flow together when considering historical consciousness of the past, and yes, there is an intertwined relationship between the two. However, there are distinct differences between these two expressions. History can be described as â€Å"a reasoned reconstruction of the past rooted in research.† It can belong to anyone and can be known by anyone, whereas memory is usually passed down and owned by a certain community or group. Memory is also used differently – it can be framed to suit a person or community’s specific ideologies, it can give value, and there can be deeper meanings such as helping one cope with the weight of past in that†¦show more content†¦After the war had occurred, many whites were focusing on healing their broken families, and bringing the American family back together (referring to the North and South), instead of focusing on what the future held for African Americans. Many whites wordlessly agreed that â€Å"healing from the war was simply not the same proposition as doing justice to the four million emancipated slaves and their descendants.† Therefore the Civil War in memory right after the time of the war was devoted to healing the broken families and divided brothers, and the slavery that had started the war was overlooked in most people’s minds. Also in memory, â€Å"Old and New South were romanticized and welcomed back to a new nationalism, and in which devotion alone made everyone right, and no one truly wrong in the remembered Civil War,† to reunite the North with the South. The North decided that they would forgive, and that they would claim no one was â€Å"truly wrong† so that the South would not feel alienated or disrespected, which changed how the war was remembered. While centering in on welcoming the South and trying to eradicate hard feelings, the race and s lavery issues were forgotten from memory. Perhaps people were worried that discussion of those issues would have detracted from reconciliation, so therefore they focused all their energies on one problem so as to give it their fullest attention. Within this nationalism and idealization of

Symptoms And Long Term Effects Of Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety in Adolescence Psychologists poorly understand the causes and long-term effects of anxiety disorders in adolescents. According to Woodward and Fergusson (2001) in their journal article â€Å"Life Course Outcomes of Young People With Anxiety Disorders in Adolescence†, anxiety disorders affect nearly 5.7% to 17.7% of adolescents across the range of anxiety disorders (Woodward and Ferguson, 2001). These disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, overanxious disorder, social phobia, agoraphobia, panic disorder and simple phobia (Woodward and Ferguson, 2001). In fact, according to Friedman (2014), a professor of clinical psychology at Weill Cornell Medical College, in his New York Times article â€Å"Why Teenagers Act Crazy†, up to 20% of adolescents in the United States demonstrate characteristics of a diagnosable anxiety disorder (Friedman, 2014). Many psychologists have questioned why anxiety disorders affect so many adolescen ts. In a study at Weill Cornell Medical College and Stanford University, researchers learned that adolescents tend to be more afraid and have difficulty controlling their fears. When researchers showed participants in the study fearful faces, adolescents had a more exaggerated response in the amygdala, the part of the brain that evaluates and responds to fear, than children and adults. So overall, adolescents already experience more increased fear, which induces more anxiety. Normally the prefrontal cortex can helpShow MoreRelatedLong Term Effects of Childhood Separation Anxiety1230 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Long-Term Effects of Childhood Separation Anxiety Abstract This report delves into the connection between childhood separation anxiety disorder and the long-term implications that it may have. To understand the connections I preformed secondary research through â€Å"Academic Search Complete†. 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The Crucible Essay Research Paper The CrucibleI free essay sample

The Crucible Essay, Research Paper The Crucible I saw the drama The Crucible and there were illustrations of manners of directing and moving that were really interesting. The production was put on by the University of Arizona? s theater section and as such the directing and playing had its good points and its bad 1s. There was one scene in peculiar that appeared to be really good directed. Act two takes topographic point in the common room of the Proctor? s house about a hebdomad after the initial scene in the Reverend? s place. This scene was particularly good directed because of its length and the figure of Gallic scenes within it. The infinite where this scene took topographic point was instead big, but there were obstructions that had to be dealt with by the manager. The blocking was done good in that at no point were any of the histrions in each other? s manner or upstaging each other. We will write a custom essay sample on The Crucible Essay Research Paper The CrucibleI or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There was besides the usage of the props. At one point Mary Warren entered and gave a doll to Elizabeth Proctor. This doll was placed on the mantle and left entirely for a piece. Subsequently when the deputy came to collar Elizabeth the doll was rediscovered. It had been placed originally in a topographic point where it was still seeable and easy found. Another illustration is the arrangement of John Proctor? s whip. In the same kind of case the whip was placed originally in a topographic point where it was easy to acquire to subsequently in the scene. The many Gallic scenes besides must hold been disputing to the manager. Different histrions were come ining and go forthing the common room throughout the full scene. The timing of these scenes was really good directed and made the scene flow swimmingly. The manager used the full phase and at no point was it unbalanced or lopsided. One character I found prosecuting was the Reverend John Hale played by L. Jay Meyer. The ground I found him so interesting was because of the manner he went from a character I liked to one I disliked back to one I liked in the span of one drama. When Reverend Hale was foremost introduced he seemed to be the maestro of the topic at manus, witchery. It appeared that he had all of the replies and would be able to bring around the misss that had been infected by the devils. He had merely come from a town with a similar job and had many books on the topic. At this point it looked as though he was traveling to be the Jesus of this small town, but that all changed shortly. When the Judge came to town and started collaring people for suspected witchcraft the Reverend Hale was supporti ng him. Hale believed what the misss said about all of the other adult females in town and helped collar them. Meyer did an first-class occupation of portraying Hale and made the audience believe that he was seeking to make the right thing. At this point the attitude towards Hale was get downing to turn towards the negative side, but that all shortly changed. Once Elizabeth Proctor was arrested Hale made a alteration. Meyer played the function good by converting the audience that he had a kind of disclosure. He knew that Elizabeth was non a enchantress and tried to acquire her to make whatever it took to acquire her released. He attempted to acquire her to squeal, but when he realized that that would be incorrect he consoled her. It was merely after his long clip off that he came back to comfort John and Elizabeth. Meyer went from good cat to bad cat back to good cat through the drama and it was his portraiture of Hale that kept the audience with him the whole manner. I have a friend that would hold gone to this production and perchance walked out. She is a theater traveling individual and has seen most of the shows that have gone through Phoenix. She has besides acted in a twosome of productions as good. The ground I say she might hold walked out is because of the playing. Other than Hale, the other functions seemed to be played in an over dramatic mode. The histrions and actresses on phase looked like histrions and actresses seeking to play their functions as opposed to the existent characters. I know that I saw one of the first public presentations, but lines were stumbled on and they seemed to be merely declaiming. The duologue did non flux good and their actions seemed calculated and over done. One portion in specific was the concluding scene in the gaol when the justice and the deputy are trying to acquire John Proctor to squeal. The manner that Frank Mihelich, John Proctor, over did the stoping caused me to go forth the theater with a bad gustatory sensation in my oral cavity. I besides know that if I felt that manner so my friend would hold felt even worse. She ever seems more critical of dramas than I do. When Proctor signed the confession and so tore it up and gave his address about desiring to maintain his name, my friend would non hold been convinced. She would hold said that Mihelich could hold got the point of the address across more efficaciously with less emotion. In all, the directing and moving both had its good points and its bad points. Unfortunately, the one good directed scene and the one convincing histrion would non hold been plenty to fulfill my friend, and it was non plenty to fulfill me.